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Combines causative 因为 (because) with passive marker 被 to show someone received an action due to a reason. Structure: Subject + 因为 + reason + 被 + verb
"蔺相如因为几次出色地完成了外交任务，被提拔为上卿"
Expresses conditional relationships. 如果 (if) introduces the condition, 就/也 (then) introduces the result. Structure: 如果 + condition, (subject) + 就/也 + result
"如果见到蔺相如，定要侮辱他一番"
"如果在路上遇见廉颇，也悄悄地掉转车子躲开"
Emphasizes the reason for something. 之所以 (the reason why) precedes the result, 是因为 (is because) introduces the cause. More formal than simple 因为. Structure: Subject + 之所以 + result + 是因为 + reason
"秦国之所以不敢来侵犯我们，是因为我们文臣、武将团结一心"
Creates a rhetorical question expecting a negative answer or expressing disbelief. 难道 (could it be that) adds emphasis. Structure: 难道 + statement + 吗？
"难道会怕廉将军吗？"
Indicates a natural consequence or subsequent action, meaning 'thereupon' or 'as a result'. Connects two clauses showing cause-effect. Structure: (cause/situation), 于是 + result/action
"他感到非常惭愧，于是脱掉上衣，光着身子，背着荆条，去向蔺相如赔礼道歉"
(used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)
to put sb on the spot
in case
we; us; ourselves; our
(of sb or sth) to be (located) at
to want; to need; to ask for
to understand clearly (variant of 瞭|了[liao3])
also; too; as well; (not ...) either
person; people
(of sth) to indicate; to signify; to show
(adverb for emphatic assertion)
variant of 說|说[shuo1]
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