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Used to emphasize how an action affects or changes the object. Structure: 把 + noun + verb + complement/result. Shows the disposal or handling of something.
"把老百姓害苦了"
Expresses contrast or concession. In Chinese, both 虽然 (although) and 但是 (but) can be used together, unlike English. 虽 and 但 are classical/shortened forms.
"汝虽打草,吾已惊蛇"
"你们虽然是打草，但我正像藏在草丛中的蛇一样受到了惊吓"
Indicates that one action immediately follows another. 一 + verb1 + 就/便 + verb2 means 'as soon as action 1 happens, action 2 follows'.
"他一看状子上写的罪行，每桩都跟自己有关系，便心慌了"
Used for comparisons and similes. Structure: 像 + noun + 一样 (+ adjective/verb) means 'like/as...as'. Expresses similarity.
"我正像藏在草丛中的蛇一样受到了惊吓"
Shows an unexpected or contrary result. 因为 introduces a reason, 反而 indicates the result is opposite to what's expected.
"因为办事不周密，反而使得对方有了警戒"
(completed action marker)
(used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)
to exist; to be alive
(bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日[ta1 ri4] and 他人[ta1 ren2])
(bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意[you3 yi4] intentional)
used in 寫意|写意[xie4 yi4]
ordinary people
used in 委蛇[wei1 yi2]
to handle (affairs)
(adverb for emphatic assertion)
to hold
I; me; my
frequently; often
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