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论语The Discourses and Sayings of Confucius Part 4

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Chinese Lover

辜鸿铭译

Translated by Gu Hongming

里仁第四


(一)


子曰:“里仁为美。择不处仁,焉得知?”

辜译

Confucius remarked, “It is the moral life of a neighbourhood which constitutes its excellence. He is not an intelligent man, who, in choosing his residence, does not select a place with a moral surrounding.”

孔子说:“乡邻之间的仁德,能让生活变得美好。选择住处时,如果不选择具有仁德的地方,这样的人就不是聪明人。”


(二)


子曰:“不仁者不可以久处约,不可以长处乐。仁者安仁,知者利仁。”

辜译

Confucius remarked, “A man without moral character cannot long put up with adversity, nor can he long enjoy prosperity.”

孔子说:“没有仁德的人不能持久地处于困顿中,也不能持久地处于安乐中。有仁德的人安于仁,聪明人利用仁。”

辜解

满洲贵族的长处,在于他们所具有的英雄气概或曰高贵品德;以儒生为代表的中产阶级的长处,在于他们的智识;而民众阶层的长处,则在于他们的勤劳,或者说是辛勤工作的能力。孔子曾说:“力行近乎仁。”努力工作就会具有“仁”的特质。马修·阿诺德先生称这种生生不息、勤劳不辍的精神为“希伯来精神”,也就是中国民众或劳工阶级的勤劳力量。中华文明源远流长,靠的正是这种力量,所以历来为中华自强而奋斗的人们被誉为“仁人志士”,以孔子的标准来说,他们都是有奉献精神和高尚道德的人。


(三)


子曰:“唯仁者能好人,能恶人。”

辜译

Confucius remarked, “It is only men of moral character who know how to love men or to hate men.”

孔子说:“只有拥有仁德的人,才懂得如何爱人和恨人。”


(四)


子曰:“苟志于仁矣,无恶也。”

辜译

Confucius remarked, “If you fix your mind upon moral life, you will be free from evil.”

孔子说:“如果你坚持提高自己的道德修养,就能远离邪恶。”


(五)


子曰:“富与贵,是人之所欲也,不以其道得之,不处也;贫与贱,是人之所恶也,不以其道得之,不去也。君子去仁,恶乎成名?君子无终食之间违仁,造次必于是,颠沛必于是。”

辜译

Confucius remarked, “Riches and honours are objects of men' s desire; but ifI cannot have them without leaving the path of duty, I would not have them.Poverty and a low position in life ate objects of men's dislike; but if I cannot leave them without departing from the path of duty, I would not leave them.”“A wise man who leaves his moral character is no longer entitled to the name of a wise man. A wise man never for one single moment in his life loses sight of a moral life; in moments of haste and hurry, as in moments of danger and peril, he always clings to it.”

孔子说:“富裕和荣耀是每个人都盼望的,但如果为得到它而放弃自己的原则,那我宁愿不要它;贫穷和卑微是每个人都厌恶的,但是如果为了摆脱它而违背自己的原则,我宁愿不摆脱。一个人如果失去了高尚的品德,就不配称为君子。君子在生活中时时刻刻不会忽视道德的规范,即便是异常忙碌或遇到艰难险阻时,也总会坚守高尚的品德。”


(六)


子曰:“我未见好仁者,恶不仁者。好仁者,无以尚之;恶不仁者,其为仁矣,不使不仁者加乎其身。有能一日用其力于仁矣乎?我未见力不足者。盖有之矣,我未之见也。”

辜译

Confucius remarked, “I do not now see a man who really loves a moral life; or one who really hates an immoral life. One who really loves a moral life would esteem nothing above it. One who really hates an immoral life would be a moral man who would not allow anything the least immoral in his life.”“Nevertheless, if a man were really to exert himself for one single day to live a moral life, I do not believe he will find that he has not the strength to do it, at least I have never heard of such a case.”

孔子说:“现在我还没有发现真正热爱仁德或者真正憎恶不道德的人。热爱仁德的人,会把高尚的品德看得高于一切;而真正憎恶不道德的人,在日常生活中不会允许任何不道德的事情影响他,那他就会成为一个品德高尚的人。无论如何,如果有人真的想让自己过一天品德高尚的生活,我相信他会发现自己有足够的力量这么做。但至少我现在还没听说有这样的事情发生。”


(七)


子曰:“人之过也,各于其党。观过,斯知仁矣。”

辜译

Confucius remarked, “Men' s faults are characteristic. By observing a man's failings you can judge of his moral character.”

孔子说:“人们的错误都是由他们各自的性格决定的,通过观察一个人所犯的错误,就可以判断出他是怎样的人。”


(八)


子曰:“朝闻道,夕死可矣。”

辜译

Confucius remarked, “When a man has learnt wisdom in the morning, he maybe content to die in the evening before the sun sets.”

孔子说:“如果我在早晨学到了知识,那么即便在当晚死去,也没有什么遗憾了。”


(九)


子曰:“士志于道,而耻恶衣恶食者,未足与议也。”

辜译

Confucius remarked, “It is useless to speak to a gentleman who wants to give himself up to serious studies and who vet is ashamed because of his poor food or had clothes.”

孔子说:“如果一个人立志于苦学,但是又以吃不饱穿不暖为耻,同这种人交谈毫无意义。”


(十)


子曰:“君子之于天下也,无适也,无莫也,义之与比。”

辜译

Confucius remarked, “A wise man in his judgment of the world, has no predilections nor prejudices; he is on the side of what is right.”

孔子说:“君子在对社会做出评判时,没有任何的倾向或者偏见,只是站在自己觉得正确的一边。”


(十一)


子曰:“君子怀德,小人怀土;君子怀刑,小人怀惠。”

辜译

Confucius remarked, “A wise man regards the moral worth of a man; a fool, only his position. A wise man expects justice; a fool, only expects favours.”

孔子说:“君子看重的是人的道德价值观,小人看重的只是人的社会地位和利益得失。君子关注法度,而小人渴求利益。”

辜解

拙著《总督衙门论文集》是一个中国人为中国的社会秩序和历史文明所做的辩护,里面主要收录的是我在义和团运动爆发后至庚子议和前后公开发表的一些英文文章。因当时我在湖广总督张之洞幕府当幕僚,故名其曰《总督衙门论文集》。

我本希望匿名发表这些文章,但考虑到这些文章中最重要的篇章创作的特殊背景及其性质,不得不署上真名。而且,我公开自己的身份还有其他原因:正如英国人总是对勋爵之位心存敬慕一样,在华的外国人也会仰慕他们所在地方的总督。孔子说:“君子怀德,小人怀土。”因此,当人们知道这些作品并非一个总督所写,而是出自一个总督的幕僚之手时,这些作品就可能会因此而失去吸引“怀土”诸君的魅力。


(十二)


子曰:“放于利而行,多怨。”

辜译

Confucius remarked, “If you always look only to your own advantage you will he sure to make many enemies.”

孔子说:“如果你总是只考虑个人得失,那么肯定会招来很多敌人。”


(十三)

子曰:“能以礼让为国乎,何有?不能以礼让为国,如礼何?”

辜译

Confucius remarked, “He who can rule a country by real courtesy and good manners that are in him, will find no difficulty in doing it. But a ruler who has no real courtesy and good manners in him, what can the mere rules of etiquette and formality avail him? ”

孔子说:“如果统治者能用发自内心的优雅举止和谦恭品德来统治国家,那么管理国家事务也就不存在困难了。但如果统治者缺乏优雅的举止和谦恭的品德,仅仅依靠繁杂的礼节和规矩来统治人民,这又有什么用呢?”


(十四)


子曰:“不患无位,患所以立;不患莫己知,求为可知也。”

辜译

Confucius remarked, “Be not concerned for want of a position; be concerned how to fit yourself for a position. Be not concerned that you are not known, but seek to do something to deserve a reputation.”

孔子说:“不要总是考虑做官的问题,应当考虑如何才能胜任自己的工作。不要总是去想自己的才能不被人所知,而是要通过努力工作来赢得好的声誉。”


(十五)


子曰:“参乎,吾道一以贯之。”曾子曰:“唯。”子出,门人问曰:“何谓也?”曾子曰:“夫子之道,忠恕而已矣。”

辜译

Confucius remarked to a disciple, “In all my life and teaching there is one underlying connected principle.” “Even so, ” answered the disciple.Afterwards, when Confucius had left, the other disciples asked the disciple who was above spoken to, “What did the master mean by what he said just now? ” “The principle in the master's life and teaching, ” answered the disciple, “is comprised in the two words:conscientiousness and charity.”

孔子对学生曾参说:“有一条原则始终贯穿于我的生活和教学生涯。”曾参回答:“是的。”过了一会儿,孔子离开了,其他学生询问曾参:“刚才老师和你说的话是什么意思?”曾参回答:“贯穿于老师整个生活和教学生涯的原则,如果用两个词来概括就是:认真,宽容。”


(十六)


子曰:“君子喻于义,小人喻于利。”

辜译

Confucius remarked, “A wise man sees what is right in a question; a fool, what is advantageous to himself.”

孔子说:“君子看待问题时注重正确的方面,而小人只会注重对自己有利的方面。”阿查立爵士是这么翻译这句话的:The gentleman regards what isright, the cad regards what will pay.(即绅士看重的是什么是正确的,而流氓考虑的是能得到多少。)

辜解

孔子说:“君子喻于义,小人喻于利。”我以为,以小人之道谋划国家事务,国家即使能够强大,也不会持久;以君子之道治国,国家纵然弱小,也不会亡国。我国现在必须先考虑清楚,自己是想做君子之国,还是想做小人之国?若真想做君子之国,就只能勤修内政,留意人才,录用才俊之士,清除各项弊端,使一切政策符合民心,朝廷内外每个人都知道仁义礼让,而且重视道德;对于外交,要始终秉持正义,而不要有任何偏袒。做到了这些,就能以忠信为后盾,以礼义为利器,国家就能巩固,再也没有比这更好的办法了。如果不能专心于此,而是只顾贪图蝇头小利,那么小人的谗言和卑鄙奸诈之阴谋就会随之而来,要想在战后还能掌控国家政权,实在是不可能,而且离亡国也不远了!


(十七)


子曰:“见贤思齐焉,见不贤而内自省也。”

辜译

Confucius remarked, “When we meet with men of worth, we should think how we may equal them. When we meet with worthless men, we should turn into ourselves and find out if we do not resemble them.”

孔子说:“当我们遇到值得学习的人,就应该思考如何向他们看齐。当我们遇到不如自己的人,就应该反省,并找出我们身上是否有和他们相同的缺点。”


(十八)


子曰:“事父母几谏,见志不从,又敬不违,劳而不怨。”

辜译

Confucius remarked, “In serving his parents a son should seldom remonstrate with them; but if he was obliged to do so; and should find that they will not listen, he should vet not fail in respect nor disregard their wishes; however much trouble they may give him, he should never complain.”

孔子说:“子女在侍奉父母时,就算他们有不对的地方,也不应该责备父母,而应该婉转劝止。即便自己的心意父母不愿听从,也要尊重父母,不能对他们的要求置之不理。无论父母给子女带来什么样的忧愁,子女也应该永不抱怨。”


(十九)


子曰:“父母在,不远游,游必有方。”

辜译

Confucius remarked, “While his parents are living, a son should not go far abroad; if he does, he should let them know where he goes.”

孔子说:“如果父母在世,子女不应当远离家乡;如果要去远方,也应该告诉父母要去什么地方。”


(二十)


子曰:“三年无改于父之道,可谓孝矣。”

辜译

Confucius remarked, “A son who for three years after his father's death does not, in his own life, change his father's principles, may be considered to be a good son.”

孔子说:“父亲去世三年后,儿子依然不改变父亲在世时的处事原则,且将之贯彻一生,这样的儿子可以称为孝子。”


(二十一)


子曰:“父母之年,不可不知也。一则以喜,一则以惧。”

辜译

Confucius remarked, “A son should always keep in mind the age of his parents, as a matter for thankfulness as well as for anxiety.”

孔子说:“父母的年龄子女不能不时时牢记在心,一方面是为了感恩,一方面是为父母年老而有所恐惧。”


(二十二)


子曰:“古者言之不出,耻躬之不逮也。”

辜译

Confucius remarked, “Men of old kept silence for fear lest what they said should not come up to what they did.”

孔子说:“古代的人之所以保持沉默,是因为他们害怕说到却做不到。”


(二十三)


子曰:“以约失之者鲜矣。”

辜译

Confucius remarked, “He who wants little seldom goes wrong.”

孔子说:“没有欲望的人很少犯错误。”

或许这样翻译更好:He who confines his sphere seldom goes wrong.(能够控制自己欲望的人,一般来说很少犯错误。)


(二十四)


子曰:“君子欲讷于言而敏于行。”

辜译

Confucius remarked, “A wise man wants to slow in speech and diligent in conduct.”

孔子说:“君子应当说话谨慎,而行动敏捷。”


(二十五)


子曰:“德不孤,必有邻。”

辜译

Confucius remarked, “Moral worth is never left alone; society is sure to grow round him.”

孔子说:“有道德的人是不会孤立的,一定会有志同道合的人与他为伴。”


(二十六)


子游曰:“事君数,斯辱矣;朋友数,斯疏矣。”

辜译

A disciple of Confucius remarked, “In the service of your prince, if you keep constantly pointing out his errors it will lead to your disgrace; if you act in the same way to your friends it will estrange them.”

孔子的学生子游说:“对待君主时如果总是不停地指出国君的错误,必定会招致羞辱;而如果以同样的方式对待朋友,朋友也必定会疏远你。”


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